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Acropora - guide til farvetuning
- kenneth olsen
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Godt skrevet Peder.... og dejligt at der kommer lidt generelle "guidelines" for de skønne acropora koraller.
Og tak fordi du giver dig tid til at skrive sådan et godt indlæg.
Og tak fordi du giver dig tid til at skrive sådan et godt indlæg.
KORALREV PÅ ISTEDGADE
viewtopic.php?f=94&t=53436
viewtopic.php?f=94&t=53436
- toni
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Dyb respekt for denne tråd Peder - Den er meget godt beskrivende og informerende!
I IT!
Flere topics som denne
I IT!
Flere topics som denne
Lukket 2 år og 3 måneder : Toni's 840 l: http://saltvandsforum.dk/viewtopic.php?f=95&t=59694" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
jeg tror den succes vi ser i dag går hånd i hånd med pumper belysning,levende sten og kh men det er ikke mange der undrer sig over hvad for en af de komponenter det skyldes eller en blanding af det hele….;)og man kun sikkert ha fine koraller uden noget af det ovenævnte:)
peder må gøre noget rigtig for hans balje er mega flot
peder må gøre noget rigtig for hans balje er mega flot
- pederrevnørd
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Kiggede lidt på nettet, og fandt en tråd på Reef Central, som iøvrigt kommer ind på næring og andre vitale ting beskrevet tidligere, som flere af os jo ser på i disse dage.
Tråden er forfattet af Eric Bornemann - trods alt ikke hr hvem som helst
http://www.reefcentral.com/forums/showt ... ?t=2253547" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Prøv at checke den ud, det er meget interessant læsning det vil gøre dig klogere omkring farver.
Mvh
Peder
Tråden er forfattet af Eric Bornemann - trods alt ikke hr hvem som helst
http://www.reefcentral.com/forums/showt ... ?t=2253547" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Prøv at checke den ud, det er meget interessant læsning det vil gøre dig klogere omkring farver.
Mvh
Peder
1500 liter SPS System, Balling, BT SPS salt, 4x Maxspect Razor 180W, 2 x GYRE, Skimz, Sangokai
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/di ... f-aquarium
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Dennne her er et eksempel på en af de svære XL table top, købt af Reeffarmer/DecOcean.(sidste De Jong leverance)
Fyldte en hel kasse, og var mega kostbar - jeg var mildest talt skuffet ved levering, da den var ensfarvet lysebrun over det hele. Det er ej en farvestrålende koral, men meget spændende synes jeg
Alligevel sker der da noget. Den står 2-4 cm under overfladen - i nærmest ekstrem vandbevægelse.
Alt det cremebrune er væk, og den er blevt smuk hvid med , strejf af både blå grøn etc.
Fyldte en hel kasse, og var mega kostbar - jeg var mildest talt skuffet ved levering, da den var ensfarvet lysebrun over det hele. Det er ej en farvestrålende koral, men meget spændende synes jeg
Alligevel sker der da noget. Den står 2-4 cm under overfladen - i nærmest ekstrem vandbevægelse.
Alt det cremebrune er væk, og den er blevt smuk hvid med , strejf af både blå grøn etc.
1500 liter SPS System, Balling, BT SPS salt, 4x Maxspect Razor 180W, 2 x GYRE, Skimz, Sangokai
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/di ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/th ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/di ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/th ... f-aquarium
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Hey Peder. Fed tråd! hvilken acro. Er dette? Og hvad er de optimale værdier for den?
1000 l fra den 6/1-2019
- kenneth olsen
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Da jeg så denne koral live i baljen hos Peder tænkte jeg straks... nå for søren.. der er sku en død hvid koral i akvariet.. sikke en skam! - men da jeg kom tættere på kunne jeg se at den bestemt ikke var død... MONSTER FLOT in real life!!!pederrevnørd skrev:Dennne her er et eksempel på en af de svære XL table top, købt af Reeffarmer/DecOcean.(sidste De Jong leverance)
Fyldte en hel kasse, og var mega kostbar - jeg var mildest talt skuffet ved levering, da den var ensfarvet lysebrun over det hele. Det er ej en farvestrålende koral, men meget spændende synes jeg
Alligevel sker der da noget. Den står 2-4 cm under overfladen - i nærmest ekstrem vandbevægelse.
Alt det cremebrune er væk, og den er blevt smuk hvid med , strejf af både blå grøn etc.
KORALREV PÅ ISTEDGADE
viewtopic.php?f=94&t=53436
viewtopic.php?f=94&t=53436
- pederrevnørd
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Hej Gulkan,Gulkan skrev:Hey Peder. Fed tråd! hvilken acro. Er dette? Og hvad er de optimale værdier for den?
Tak for rosen jeg kan ikke hjlælpe dig med hvad den hedder - sikkert mange andre der har bud herom. Jeg vil gå så "langt" at sige det er en staghorn.
Jeg går ikke selv så meget op i navnene på en Acropora, da selv de lærde er uenige. Ydermere har vi USA som hele tiden finder på nye fancy popnavne.
Mht optimale værdier, så står det på side 1 din er iøvrigt en lækker sag, som kan gå hen og blive rigtig smuk.
Ser dog ud som om at du har for lidt næring i baljen, eller for meget lys - måske en kombi af begge dele.
Held og lykke med den, og tak for dit indlæg - håber andre hjælper dig med ID
Mvh
Peder
Senest rettet af pederrevnørd fre 22. nov 2013 15:35, rettet i alt 1 gang.
1500 liter SPS System, Balling, BT SPS salt, 4x Maxspect Razor 180W, 2 x GYRE, Skimz, Sangokai
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- Carsten
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Det kan være en Acropora inermis, men jeg lægger ikke hovedet på blokken for navnet.Gulkan skrev: hvilken acro. Er dette?
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
1500 liter SPS System, Balling, BT SPS salt, 4x Maxspect Razor 180W, 2 x GYRE, Skimz, Sangokai
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/di ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/th ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/di ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/th ... f-aquarium
- Carsten
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
gomezi er meget mere regelmæssig i strukturenStarF skrev:gomezi?
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Super bud ligner meget den Peder ligger billed af. Men med hensyn til værdier så er de lige i skabet på nær mg som jeg ikke kan tvinge ned under 1500 (har aldrig tilsat noget)
Med hensyn til næring tilsætter jeg aminosyre og har en no3 på 2-5 andet jeg med fordel kan tilsætte.?
Esben
Med hensyn til næring tilsætter jeg aminosyre og har en no3 på 2-5 andet jeg med fordel kan tilsætte.?
Esben
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Hej Esben,Gulkan skrev:Super bud ligner meget den Peder ligger billed af. Men med hensyn til værdier så er de lige i skabet på nær mg som jeg ikke kan tvinge ned under 1500 (har aldrig tilsat noget)
Med hensyn til næring tilsætter jeg aminosyre og har en no3 på 2-5 andet jeg med fordel kan tilsætte.?
Esben
Mg på ca 1500 er helt fint - bare den er stabil.
Aminosyrer er godt, men pas på det kan give cyano.
Mht næring er jeg de sidste par måneder blevet en stor tilhænger af Sangokai's sps nutricoral HED.
Mål din kalium, og sørg for ugentlige små vandskifte.
Mvh
Peder
1500 liter SPS System, Balling, BT SPS salt, 4x Maxspect Razor 180W, 2 x GYRE, Skimz, Sangokai
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/di ... f-aquarium
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Skifter Ca 10% ugentligt og min kalium ligger på 430.
Hvad er HED?? Og har det nogen effekt på po4 som jeg lige har fået bugt med?
Hvad er HED?? Og har det nogen effekt på po4 som jeg lige har fået bugt med?
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
HmmmmGulkan skrev:Skifter Ca 10% ugentligt og min kalium ligger på 43.
Hvad er HED?? Og har det nogen effekt på po4 som jeg lige har fået bugt med?
Kalium skal ligge mellem 380-420, ligesom Calcium.
HED er en del af Sangokais produktnavn - de 'stærke' udgaver kalder han HED, som står for High Energy Demand
Det har en positib effekt på koraller, og inderholder endda også organisk fosfat - det skal korallerne have, og den øgede mængde næring er med til at holde uønsket Po4(uorganisk) nede.
Mvh
Peder
1500 liter SPS System, Balling, BT SPS salt, 4x Maxspect Razor 180W, 2 x GYRE, Skimz, Sangokai
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/di ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/th ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/di ... f-aquarium
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- klaus d-n
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Hej Peder
Det er jo nærmest Acropora Bibelen du har fået skrevet, fantastisk !!!!
men lige et simpelt spørgsmål , hvad er AEFW.
Mvh
Klaus
Det er jo nærmest Acropora Bibelen du har fået skrevet, fantastisk !!!!
men lige et simpelt spørgsmål , hvad er AEFW.
Mvh
Klaus
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Acropora eating flat worm
- klaus d-n
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Tak.
Det var en forkortelse som ikke lige var så indlysende.
Det var en forkortelse som ikke lige var så indlysende.
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Hej Peder
Først mange tak for endnu et rigtig godt indlæg, og så lige et spørgsmål. Kan man virkelig dele acroporaer op efter deres farve, og sige noget generelt om deres præferencer ud fra farven? Jeg kan se på wikipedia at der er beskrevet arter, og der er formentlig nært beslægtede arter og måske to individer inden for samme art, der har forskellig farve, og ligeledes vil der formentlig også være mere fjernt beslægtede arter med samme farve. Så er farve en bedre parameter end slægtskab at kigge på, når man skal finde de optimale forhold for en acropora.
Vh
Jonas
Først mange tak for endnu et rigtig godt indlæg, og så lige et spørgsmål. Kan man virkelig dele acroporaer op efter deres farve, og sige noget generelt om deres præferencer ud fra farven? Jeg kan se på wikipedia at der er beskrevet arter, og der er formentlig nært beslægtede arter og måske to individer inden for samme art, der har forskellig farve, og ligeledes vil der formentlig også være mere fjernt beslægtede arter med samme farve. Så er farve en bedre parameter end slægtskab at kigge på, når man skal finde de optimale forhold for en acropora.
Vh
Jonas
- Carsten
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Det vil jeg mene at man ikke kan. Der er flere arter som findes i forskellige farver f.eks A. tenius og A. millipora. Uanset hvilken farve tenuisen er i, er den bare svær. Milliporaen er mere tilgivende, men farverne kan være noget mere uklare hvis forholdene den står under ikke er optimale.
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Farven giver reelt en ide om hvor på revet den kommer fra - ligeså med vækstform.
Så jeg vil mene at man kan forsøge at lave nogle fællesnævnere - hvilket jeg har forsøgt, men ingen regler uden undtagelser.
Denne guide er for at fremme farver, og at finde den "skjulte" skønhed frem i disse fantastiske koraller
Ellers enig med Carsten.
Mvh
Peder
Så jeg vil mene at man kan forsøge at lave nogle fællesnævnere - hvilket jeg har forsøgt, men ingen regler uden undtagelser.
Denne guide er for at fremme farver, og at finde den "skjulte" skønhed frem i disse fantastiske koraller
Ellers enig med Carsten.
Mvh
Peder
1500 liter SPS System, Balling, BT SPS salt, 4x Maxspect Razor 180W, 2 x GYRE, Skimz, Sangokai
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/di ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/th ... f-aquarium
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Det med at gå fra brun til en anden farve kan ses her.
Nedenstående Acropora fik jeg for ca 10 dage siden af en god kammerat, da den var kedelig brun.
Det skal siges at billedet er taget af en Iphone, og derfor viser mere blåt, end i virkeligheden - men tydeligt er det at den er ved at skifte farve
Jeg vil tro den ender op med at blive lilla. Lad os se om en måned tid.
Nedenstående Acropora fik jeg for ca 10 dage siden af en god kammerat, da den var kedelig brun.
Det skal siges at billedet er taget af en Iphone, og derfor viser mere blåt, end i virkeligheden - men tydeligt er det at den er ved at skifte farve
Jeg vil tro den ender op med at blive lilla. Lad os se om en måned tid.
1500 liter SPS System, Balling, BT SPS salt, 4x Maxspect Razor 180W, 2 x GYRE, Skimz, Sangokai
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/di ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/th ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/di ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/th ... f-aquarium
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Lidt inertessant læsning fra AA dags dato
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/fi ... for-corals" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Mvh
Peder
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/fi ... for-corals" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Mvh
Peder
1500 liter SPS System, Balling, BT SPS salt, 4x Maxspect Razor 180W, 2 x GYRE, Skimz, Sangokai
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/di ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/th ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/di ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/th ... f-aquarium
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Den her har jeg også fået en del ud af at læse, selvom der ikke står så meget. Det med at bruge korallernes farve som indikator er noget, som jeg gerne vil mestre, men har haft svært ved at danne en sammenhæng. Denne "guide" beskriver hvilke farver der kommer først, og hvilke farver man kan opnå hvordan.
http://reefbuilders.com/2008/09/03/guid ... id-bright/" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
http://reefbuilders.com/2008/09/03/guid ... id-bright/" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Lidt god information fra Advanced Aquarist omkring aminosyrer.
Vigtigt eller ikke vigtig i vores baljer ?
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/2014/3/corals" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
god læsning drenge og piger
Mvh
Peder
Vigtigt eller ikke vigtig i vores baljer ?
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/2014/3/corals" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
god læsning drenge og piger
Mvh
Peder
1500 liter SPS System, Balling, BT SPS salt, 4x Maxspect Razor 180W, 2 x GYRE, Skimz, Sangokai
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/di ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/th ... f-aquarium
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Super tråd , tak for div. info vh. Michael
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Fed fed tråd Pede...!!
Takker for de rigtig gode input om acro...
Takker for de rigtig gode input om acro...
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Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Hermed lidt interessant læsning jeg faldt over ifbm min søgen om Plankton/næring - omkring fodring af SPS. Forfatter er Sanjay Joshi
Feeding a Coral Reef Aquarium
This the text of the article that appears in the Marine Fish and Reef Annual 2000 published by Fancy Publications.
In the past, the generally accepted practice advocated minimal feeding of reef aquariums. This was based primarily on the notion that reefs are very nutrient poor, reef inhabitants especially corals could generate all their energy requirements through photosynthesis and fish could survive by picking off of live rocks. Adding food would only increase the bio load of the tank, increase nutrients and dissolved organic matter. Feeding regimes were oriented towards feeding the top of the food chain - the fish, and the recommended practice was to feed sparingly once every 2-3 days.
The natural coral reef is an ecosystem with a complex food web, comprising
primary producers (phytoplankton, zooxanthelle, algae) that convert the solar energy, carbon dioxide and water into chemical energy stored as sugar, and
consumers which either eat the producers, or the by products of producers, or consumers lower in the food web
Food provides the energy necessary for vital functions to sustain life, for growth and reproduction. For an organism to thrive, the total energy demand must be met. Only a small portion (10-20%) of the food energy is converted into useful energy, with most being lost as waste and heat. Thus as we move up the food web, the amount of lower forms of food energy required to sustain the organisms higher in the food chain increases dramatically.
In a typical reef aquarium, the complete food web does not exist in quantities large enough to sustain the ecosystem without any additional energy input. We typically provide this in the form of food that we add to the aquarium. However, in the past we have focussed only on feeding the highest members of the food web - namely the fish, leaving the other inhabitants of the reef to derive their energy requirements through other channels in the food web. This model assumes that the rest of the organisms can either derive all their energy through other pathways in the food web, or their demise or reduction in numbers is inconsequential to the proper functioning of a reef aquarium. This model of reef keeping also makes it difficult to keep organisms with specialized feeding needs - sponges, filter feeders, etc.
Over the last year or so, there has been a significant shift in the feeding approach to reef aquariums. The trend now is to try to feed the complete range of life forms that inhabit the reef aquariums - fish, corals, filter feeders, microscopic life forms, etc. Contributing to this shift in paradigm are several factors:
a better understanding of the feeding and metabolic requirements
availability of "better" protein skimmers
availability of a wider range of foods that can meet the requirements of the range and variety of reef organisms
better understanding of the role of detrivores, micro fauna
The feeding and nutritional requirements of the organisms in a reef tank is varied and often very little is known about the specific nutritional needs of the organisms. As we strive for greater biodiversity in our reef aquariums, the role of feeding may play an important role. It is often difficult to duplicate the diet of the organisms in the wild, and substitutes have to be found. In fact, it is not even clear how much, how often, should corals and other organisms be fed.
This article will present some information on feeding habits of reef organisms (gathered from research articles), along with a discussion on some "new" products that have recently hit the aquarium hobby and may have the potential to increase the range of food available to the entire food web.
For the purpose of looking at the feeding requirements of the reef life forms, this article will divide them into several broad categories (based on type and size of food particles ingested), and look at how an aquarist can try to meet their feeding requirements. The broad categories are: Fish, Hermatypic corals (with zooxanthalle), Ahermatypic corals (without zooxanthelle), filter feeders and detrivores.
Corals
Corals can be classified into two types.
Hermatypic - those housing symbiotic zooxanthelle
Ahermatypic - those without symbiotic zooxanthelle
Hermatypic scleractinian corals (primarily SPS corals) use two modes of feeding - Autotrophic and Hetrotrophic.
Zooxanthelle are unicellular algae that live within the coral polyp, and are the primary producers that produce food energy via photosynthesis. The autotrophic mode of feeding involves the translocation of the photosynthetic products produced by the symbiotic zooxanthallae to the coral polyp tissues. Research has shown that the total energy demand cannot be met by photosynthesis alone. The corals spend energy for the following functions: respiration, mucus production, growth and reproduction. Respiration accounts for 60-70% of the energy budget of the coral, and for most hermatypic corals the ratio of gross photosynthesis to respiration is slightly greater than one. Hence corals need to provide the additional energy needs via other means.
The other mode of feeding used by the corals is the hetrotrophic mode of feeding. Hermatypic corals posses the unique ability of making use of all hetrotrophic modes of feeding known in sedentary benthic animals. These modes of feeding are:
Predatory prey capture by the polyps (zooplankton capture)
Sedimentary filter feeding using mucus nets (bacterioplankton)
Consume DOM (dissolved organic matter) via active transport of molecules through cell membranes
To determine what corals feed on in the wild, researchers evaluate the gut content of corals in the wild and also experiment with the animals in laboratory. Evaluation of the gut contents of a Monastrea coral contained copepods, ostracods, mysids, menatodes, polychaetes and other zooplankton. Suspended organic material ingested by corals via sedimentary filtration included bacteria, protozoans, detritus, feces of fish, etc. Interestingly, research indicates that the scleractinian corals rejected algae and other plant material. Research indicated that even if plant material was ingested it was not digested and regurgitated. The size of prey captured by the polyps can be larger than the polyps, with the general rule being - the smaller the polyps the more important the role of autotrophic feeding. Some of the laboratory experiments were conducted using artemia nauplii as food. These are basically a form of zooplankton. The polyps easily captured nauplii of size 0.7-0.9mm. Corals with larger polyps (e.g pocillopora, stylophora) also captured Artemia nauplii up to 1.4mm. Research in predatory feeding has shown that, even in corals with polyps active in the daytime, polyps hunt more efficiently at night.
In ambient conditions on the reef (with wet bio mass of zooplankton ranging from 0.5-4 mg/L, bacteria 1.5-3 X 106 cells/mL, and DOM ranging from 0.5-2 mg of C/L ), as a rough average - scleractinian corals could compose their energy balance as follows: 60-70% via photosynthesis, 10-20% predation, and 10-20% by feeding on DOM and bacterioplankton (Sorokin 1995).
The hermatypic soft corals are basically similar in respect to the scleractinians, but there is a wider range on the degree to which autotrophic sources of nutrition are used. Most researchers are of the opinion that octocorals are in general weak predators compared to the scleractinians, and may ingest passively floating particles of detritus, forminifera, eggs of slow moving larvae of inverts, etc.
For the purpose of feeding we can further classify the hermatypic corals into small polyped and large polyped corals. The large polyped corals (eg. Euphillia species, cataphylia species, etc.) also typically have large mouths and can be fed small pieces of shrimp and other chunky food (silversides, chopped sea food - fish, shrimp, squid, scallops, etc). Anemones and mushroom anemones (e.g. Rhodactics species) can also be fed in a similar manner. Feeding the small polyped corals is a more challenging task, and one that is more open to debate.
For dem som er interesseret i at læse hele artiklen, er hermed link
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/s/b ... eeding.htm" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Mvh
Peder
Feeding a Coral Reef Aquarium
This the text of the article that appears in the Marine Fish and Reef Annual 2000 published by Fancy Publications.
In the past, the generally accepted practice advocated minimal feeding of reef aquariums. This was based primarily on the notion that reefs are very nutrient poor, reef inhabitants especially corals could generate all their energy requirements through photosynthesis and fish could survive by picking off of live rocks. Adding food would only increase the bio load of the tank, increase nutrients and dissolved organic matter. Feeding regimes were oriented towards feeding the top of the food chain - the fish, and the recommended practice was to feed sparingly once every 2-3 days.
The natural coral reef is an ecosystem with a complex food web, comprising
primary producers (phytoplankton, zooxanthelle, algae) that convert the solar energy, carbon dioxide and water into chemical energy stored as sugar, and
consumers which either eat the producers, or the by products of producers, or consumers lower in the food web
Food provides the energy necessary for vital functions to sustain life, for growth and reproduction. For an organism to thrive, the total energy demand must be met. Only a small portion (10-20%) of the food energy is converted into useful energy, with most being lost as waste and heat. Thus as we move up the food web, the amount of lower forms of food energy required to sustain the organisms higher in the food chain increases dramatically.
In a typical reef aquarium, the complete food web does not exist in quantities large enough to sustain the ecosystem without any additional energy input. We typically provide this in the form of food that we add to the aquarium. However, in the past we have focussed only on feeding the highest members of the food web - namely the fish, leaving the other inhabitants of the reef to derive their energy requirements through other channels in the food web. This model assumes that the rest of the organisms can either derive all their energy through other pathways in the food web, or their demise or reduction in numbers is inconsequential to the proper functioning of a reef aquarium. This model of reef keeping also makes it difficult to keep organisms with specialized feeding needs - sponges, filter feeders, etc.
Over the last year or so, there has been a significant shift in the feeding approach to reef aquariums. The trend now is to try to feed the complete range of life forms that inhabit the reef aquariums - fish, corals, filter feeders, microscopic life forms, etc. Contributing to this shift in paradigm are several factors:
a better understanding of the feeding and metabolic requirements
availability of "better" protein skimmers
availability of a wider range of foods that can meet the requirements of the range and variety of reef organisms
better understanding of the role of detrivores, micro fauna
The feeding and nutritional requirements of the organisms in a reef tank is varied and often very little is known about the specific nutritional needs of the organisms. As we strive for greater biodiversity in our reef aquariums, the role of feeding may play an important role. It is often difficult to duplicate the diet of the organisms in the wild, and substitutes have to be found. In fact, it is not even clear how much, how often, should corals and other organisms be fed.
This article will present some information on feeding habits of reef organisms (gathered from research articles), along with a discussion on some "new" products that have recently hit the aquarium hobby and may have the potential to increase the range of food available to the entire food web.
For the purpose of looking at the feeding requirements of the reef life forms, this article will divide them into several broad categories (based on type and size of food particles ingested), and look at how an aquarist can try to meet their feeding requirements. The broad categories are: Fish, Hermatypic corals (with zooxanthalle), Ahermatypic corals (without zooxanthelle), filter feeders and detrivores.
Corals
Corals can be classified into two types.
Hermatypic - those housing symbiotic zooxanthelle
Ahermatypic - those without symbiotic zooxanthelle
Hermatypic scleractinian corals (primarily SPS corals) use two modes of feeding - Autotrophic and Hetrotrophic.
Zooxanthelle are unicellular algae that live within the coral polyp, and are the primary producers that produce food energy via photosynthesis. The autotrophic mode of feeding involves the translocation of the photosynthetic products produced by the symbiotic zooxanthallae to the coral polyp tissues. Research has shown that the total energy demand cannot be met by photosynthesis alone. The corals spend energy for the following functions: respiration, mucus production, growth and reproduction. Respiration accounts for 60-70% of the energy budget of the coral, and for most hermatypic corals the ratio of gross photosynthesis to respiration is slightly greater than one. Hence corals need to provide the additional energy needs via other means.
The other mode of feeding used by the corals is the hetrotrophic mode of feeding. Hermatypic corals posses the unique ability of making use of all hetrotrophic modes of feeding known in sedentary benthic animals. These modes of feeding are:
Predatory prey capture by the polyps (zooplankton capture)
Sedimentary filter feeding using mucus nets (bacterioplankton)
Consume DOM (dissolved organic matter) via active transport of molecules through cell membranes
To determine what corals feed on in the wild, researchers evaluate the gut content of corals in the wild and also experiment with the animals in laboratory. Evaluation of the gut contents of a Monastrea coral contained copepods, ostracods, mysids, menatodes, polychaetes and other zooplankton. Suspended organic material ingested by corals via sedimentary filtration included bacteria, protozoans, detritus, feces of fish, etc. Interestingly, research indicates that the scleractinian corals rejected algae and other plant material. Research indicated that even if plant material was ingested it was not digested and regurgitated. The size of prey captured by the polyps can be larger than the polyps, with the general rule being - the smaller the polyps the more important the role of autotrophic feeding. Some of the laboratory experiments were conducted using artemia nauplii as food. These are basically a form of zooplankton. The polyps easily captured nauplii of size 0.7-0.9mm. Corals with larger polyps (e.g pocillopora, stylophora) also captured Artemia nauplii up to 1.4mm. Research in predatory feeding has shown that, even in corals with polyps active in the daytime, polyps hunt more efficiently at night.
In ambient conditions on the reef (with wet bio mass of zooplankton ranging from 0.5-4 mg/L, bacteria 1.5-3 X 106 cells/mL, and DOM ranging from 0.5-2 mg of C/L ), as a rough average - scleractinian corals could compose their energy balance as follows: 60-70% via photosynthesis, 10-20% predation, and 10-20% by feeding on DOM and bacterioplankton (Sorokin 1995).
The hermatypic soft corals are basically similar in respect to the scleractinians, but there is a wider range on the degree to which autotrophic sources of nutrition are used. Most researchers are of the opinion that octocorals are in general weak predators compared to the scleractinians, and may ingest passively floating particles of detritus, forminifera, eggs of slow moving larvae of inverts, etc.
For the purpose of feeding we can further classify the hermatypic corals into small polyped and large polyped corals. The large polyped corals (eg. Euphillia species, cataphylia species, etc.) also typically have large mouths and can be fed small pieces of shrimp and other chunky food (silversides, chopped sea food - fish, shrimp, squid, scallops, etc). Anemones and mushroom anemones (e.g. Rhodactics species) can also be fed in a similar manner. Feeding the small polyped corals is a more challenging task, and one that is more open to debate.
For dem som er interesseret i at læse hele artiklen, er hermed link
http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/s/b ... eeding.htm" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Mvh
Peder
1500 liter SPS System, Balling, BT SPS salt, 4x Maxspect Razor 180W, 2 x GYRE, Skimz, Sangokai
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/di ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/th ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/di ... f-aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/th ... f-aquarium
- Ole Bach
- Foxface
- Reactions:
- Indlæg: 398
- Tilmeldt: fre 15. feb 2013 21:48
- 11
- Postnummer: 9800 Hjørring
- Saltvand siden?: 2013
Re: Acropora - guide til farvetuning
Dette er rigtigt spændende når man sammenligner med analyser af det salt vi kommer i vores akvarierpederrevnørd skrev:Lidt inertessant læsning fra AA dags dato
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/blog/fi ... for-corals" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Mvh
Peder
PS: Måske skulle du opdatere den første post på punktet omkring LED lys?